Trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole transmembrane clearance during modeled continuous renal replacement therapy

Blood Purif. 2014;38(3-4):195-202. doi: 10.1159/000368884. Epub 2014 Dec 16.

Abstract

Background/aims: There is limited data regarding trimethoprim (TMP)/sulfamethoxazole (SMX) continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) dosing. We aimed to estimate TMP/SMX transmembrane clearance (CLtm) during continuous hemofiltration (CH) and continuous hemodialysis (CD) to guide dosing.

Methods: Using an in vitro model, TMP/SMX sieving coefficients (SC) and saturation coefficients (SA) were determined with high-flux polyarylethersulfone and polyacrylonitrile-sodium methallyl sulfonate copolymer hemodiafilters at ultrafiltration/dialysate rates of 1, 2, 3, and 6 l/h. TMP/SMX CLtm was calculated using measured SC and SA. TMP/SMX CRRT doses were modeled using CLtm and published TMP/SMX pharmacokinetic parameters.

Results: TMP SC/SA during CH/CD were significantly higher than SMX SC/SA. During modeling, TMP 10 mg/kg/day and its corresponding SMX dose, 50 mg/kg/day, resulted in steady state TMP/SMX peak concentrations associated with efficacy against Pneumocystis jirovecii.

Conclusions: CRRT resulted in greater TMP CLtm than SMX. TMP 10 mg/kg/day divided q12h may be an appropriate initial dose to consider in patients undergoing CRRT.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacokinetics*
  • Blood Proteins / analysis
  • Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
  • Dialysis Solutions / chemistry
  • Hemodiafiltration / instrumentation
  • Hemofiltration / instrumentation
  • Hemofiltration / methods
  • Hemoglobins / analysis
  • Humans
  • In Vitro Techniques
  • Membranes, Artificial
  • Metabolic Clearance Rate
  • Models, Chemical
  • Osmolar Concentration
  • Permeability
  • Renal Dialysis / instrumentation
  • Renal Dialysis / methods*
  • Serum Albumin / analysis
  • Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination / blood
  • Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination / pharmacokinetics*
  • Urea / blood

Substances

  • Anti-Bacterial Agents
  • Blood Proteins
  • Dialysis Solutions
  • Hemoglobins
  • Membranes, Artificial
  • Serum Albumin
  • Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination
  • Urea