Cutaneous erosions: a herald for impending pancytopenia in methotrexate toxicity

Dermatol Online J. 2014 Jul 15;20(7):13030/qt46k975h8.

Abstract

Psoriatic plaque erosion is a rare toxic side effect of low-dose methotrexate (LDMTX) that has been reported during the treatment of psoriasis and described as a herald for impending pancytopenia. Fatalities from this have rarely been reported. Even rarer is methotrexate (MTX)-induced erosions of clinically normal skin in patients without a history of psoriasis. We report 3 rare presentations of MTX-induced cutaneous erosions, 2 fatalities occurring with MTX-induced psoriatic plaque erosions, and the sixth reported case of MTX-induced erosions with no prior history of psoriasis. Each were elderly patients on proton pump inhibitors with a history of chronic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use. They all presented with acute onset of erosions after a recent change in their MTX dose. Pancytopenia followed in each case. Physicians' awareness of the sequelae in MTX-induced cutaneous erosions is imperative so MTX can be discontinued and treatment instituted to prevent fatal bone marrow suppression.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Antirheumatic Agents / adverse effects
  • Arthritis, Rheumatoid / drug therapy
  • Biopsy
  • Diagnosis, Differential
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Methotrexate / adverse effects*
  • Middle Aged
  • Pancytopenia / chemically induced*
  • Pancytopenia / diagnosis
  • Skin / pathology
  • Skin Ulcer / chemically induced*
  • Skin Ulcer / diagnosis

Substances

  • Antirheumatic Agents
  • Methotrexate