Patient information: A guide to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD or ADD)

ADHD OVERVIEW

ADHD, also known as "attention deficit hyperactivity disorder," is a condition that usually begins in early childhood. Children with ADHD have difficulty paying attention, sitting still, and making good decisions. Adults can also have ADHD.

ADHD can cause a child to have trouble in school as well as with friends and family. The reason ADHD develops is not clear. Some experts believe it is caused by an imbalance of chemicals in the brain. ADHD can run in families.

If you are concerned that you or your child could have ADHD, talk to a healthcare provider. Although there is no simple test to diagnose ADHD, your provider can listen to your concerns and talk about the problems you have noticed. You or your child may also need to see a specialist.

Some parents wonder if treatment for ADHD is really needed. However, studies have shown that untreated ADHD can have serious consequences, including a greater risk of doing poorly in school or getting in trouble with the law.

Treatment of ADHD usually involves taking a medicine. Making changes at home and at school can also help to keep the child on track.

UPTODATE ADHD RESOURCES

Patient information — UpToDate has a number of articles for family members and patients living with ADHD. These articles are available on the internet at www.uptodate.com/patients.

  (see "Patient information: Symptoms and diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children")

  (see "Patient information: Treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children")

Premium subscription information — More detailed information is also available by subscription.

Children and adolescents

  (see "Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents: Clinical features and evaluation")

  (see "Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents: Epidemiology and pathogenesis")

  (see "Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents: Pharmacotherapy")

  (see "Cardiac evaluation of children receiving pharmacotherapy for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder")

  (see "Overview of the treatment and prognosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents")

  (see "Specific learning disabilities in children: Clinical features")

Adults

  (see "Adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder")