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Overview of hysteroscopy

INTRODUCTION

The development of hysteroscopy has provided a minimally invasive approach to common gynecologic problems, such as abnormal uterine bleeding. Increased clinician training, smaller diameter hysteroscopes, and increased emphasis on office-based procedures have led to a widespread use of this important technology.

A hysteroscope is a telescope that is inserted into the uterus via the vagina and cervix to visualize the endometrial cavity, as well as the tubal ostia, endocervical canal, cervix, and vagina. Hysteroscopy can be performed for diagnostic or therapeutic indications.

An overview of hysteroscopy is presented here. Vaginoscopy is discussed separately. (See "Vaginoscopy".)

INDICATIONS

Hysteroscopy is performed for evaluation or treatment of the endometrial cavity, tubal ostia, or endocervical canal in women with:

  • Abnormal premenopausal or postmenopausal uterine bleeding
  • Endometrial thickening or polyps
  • Submucosal, and some intramural, fibroids
  • Intrauterine adhesions
  • Müllerian anomalies (eg, uterine septum)
  • Retained intrauterine contraceptives or other foreign bodies
  • Retained products of conception
  • Desire for sterilization
  • Endocervical lesions
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