Sample Topics in All Specialties

Our topics are written exclusively for UpToDate by physician experts in each area and are specifically designed to make it quick and easy for clinicians to find the answers they need. Notice that the topics contain links to other related topics and are evidence-based. You can view related charts, x-rays, photographs, movies and Medline abstracts by clicking on the associated links. You also have complete access to our extensive drug database.

Adult and Pediatric Emergency Medicine

• Emergency care of moderate and severe thermal burns in adults
• Evaluation and management of fever in the neonate and young infant (less than three months of age)
• Evaluation and management of supracondylar fractures in children
• Fever without a source in children 3 to 36 months of age
• Hip fractures in adults
• Needle cricothyroidotomy with percutaneous transtracheal ventilation
• Sedation or induction agents for rapid sequence intubation in adults
• Serotonin syndrome
• Management of moderate and severe alcohol withdrawal syndromes

Adult Primary Care and Internal Medicine

• Acute sinusitis and rhinosinusitis in adults
• Approach to the diagnosis and evaluation of low back pain in adults
• Cancer prevention
• Screening for prostate cancer
• Treatment of acute pulmonary embolism
• Treatment of psoriasis

Cardiovascular Medicine

• Anticoagulant therapy in unstable angina and acute non-ST elevation myocardial infarction
• Antiplatelet agents in unstable angina and acute non-ST elevation myocardial infarction
• Antithrombotic therapy to prevent embolization in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation
• Cardiac resynchronization therapy in heart failure: Indications
• Natural history and therapy of myocarditis in adults
• Stress-induced (takotsubo) cardiomyopathy
• Radiation dose and risk of malignancy from cardiovascular imaging

Endocrinology and Diabetes

• Diagnosis and treatment of nonclassic (late-onset) congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency
• Evaluation and management of aromatase inhibitor-induced bone loss
• Management of persistent hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus
• Treatment of primary aldosteronism
• Screening for diabetes mellitus

Family Medicine

• Antithrombotic therapy to prevent embolization in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation
• Evaluation of the patient with shoulder complaints
• Prevention of varicella-zoster virus infection: Chickenpox
• Screening for colorectal cancer: Strategies in patients at average risk
• Trial of labor after cesarean delivery
• Screening for prostate cancer

Gastroenterology and Hepatology

• Angiodysplasia of the gastrointestinal tract
• Assessing surgical risk in patients with liver disease
• Colorectal cancer surveillance in inflammatory bowel disease
• Endoscopic mucosal resection for treatment of high-grade dysplasia and early cancer in Barrett's esophagus
• Overview of the management of chronic hepatitis B and case examples
• Infliximab in Crohn's disease

Hematology

• Anemia in the older adult
• Clinical manifestations, pathologic features, and diagnosis of Burkitt lymphoma
• Induction therapy for acute myeloid leukemia in younger adults
• Management of acute intermittent porphyria
• Sickle cell trait
• Treatment of adult T-cell lymphoma-leukemia

Infectious Diseases

• Patient information: Influenza symptoms and treatment
• Clinical manifestations; diagnosis; and treatment of acute pyelonephritis
• Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of pandemic H1N1 influenza ('swine influenza')
• Epidemiology of pandemic H1N1 influenza ('swine influenza')
• Management of dyslipidemia and cardiovascular risk in the HIV-infected patient
• Treatment and prevention of Pneumocystis carinii (P. jirovecii) pneumonia in non-HIV-infected patients
• Treatment and prevention of streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis
• Treatment of antibiotic-associated diarrhea caused by Clostridium difficile in adults
• Treatment of pandemic H1N1 influenza ('swine influenza')
• Selecting antiretroviral regimens for the treatment naive HIV-infected patient

Nephrology and Hypertension

• Treatment and prognosis of IgA nephropathy
• Management of severe asymptomatic hypertension (hypertensive urgencies)
• Serum cardiac enzymes in patients with renal failure
• Treatment of primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
• Initial immunosuppressive therapy in Wegener's granulomatosis and microscopic polyangiitis

Neurology

• Antiplatelet therapy for secondary prevention of stroke
• Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy: Etiology, clinical features, and diagnosis
• Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome
• Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (pseudotumor cerebri): Prognosis and treatment
• Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
• Restless legs syndrome
• Thunderclap headache
• Vagus nerve stimulation therapy

Obstetrics; Gynecology; and Women's Health

• Bacterial vaginosis
• Clinical features and diagnostic evaluation of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (hyperemesis gravidarum and morning sickness)
• Endometrial hyperplasia
• Evaluation of female infertility
• Fecal incontinence related to pregnancy and vaginal delivery
• Hysteroscopic myomectomy
• Management of postpartum hemorrhage at cesarean delivery
• Management of problems related to intrauterine contraception
• Methotrexate treatment of tubal and interstitial ectopic pregnancy
• Neuroprotective effects of in utero exposure to magnesium sulfate

Oncology

• Hereditary kidney cancer syndromes
• Management of brain metastases in breast cancer
• Management of potentially resectable colorectal cancer liver metastases
• Neurofibromatosis type 2
• Stereotactic body radiation therapy for primary and metastatic lung tumors
• Treatment of locoregionally advanced (stage III and IV) head and neck cancer: The hypopharynx and larynx

Pediatrics

• Bacterial arthritis: Treatment and outcome in infants and children
• Behavioral sleep problems in children
• Clinical features and diagnosis of fragile X syndrome in children and adolescents
• Late preterm infants
• Management of the child at-risk for atherosclerosis
• Neonatal herpes simplex virus infection: Management and prevention
• Pediatric palliative care
• Surgical management of severe obesity in adolescents

Pulmonary; Critical Care; and Sleep Medicine

• Clinical features and diagnosis of Churg-Strauss syndrome (allergic granulomatosis and angiitis)
• Corticosteroid therapy in septic shock
• Portable monitoring in obstructive sleep apnea in adults
• Treatment of pulmonary hypertension
• Treatment of severe asthma in adolescents and adults
• Pulmonary vascular disease in systemic sclerosis (scleroderma): Definition, classification, risk factors, screening, and prognosis
• Treatment and prognosis of Churg-Strauss syndrome (allergic granulomatosis and angiitis)

Rheumatology

• Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of polymyalgia rheumatica
• General principles of management of rheumatoid arthritis
• Pregnancy in women with systemic lupus erythematosus
• Prognosis and treatment of interstitial lung disease in systemic sclerosis (scleroderma)
• Treatment of polymyalgia rheumatica