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限期启动腹膜透析

Author
Arshia Ghaffari, DO, MA, MBA
Section Editor
John M Burkart, MD
Deputy Editor
Alice M Sheridan, MD
Translators
唐晓红, 副主任医师

引言

限期启动腹膜透析这一术语用来描述新发现的终末期肾病(end-stage renal disease, ESRD)患者在置入腹膜透析管后尽快开始腹膜透析的做法。限期开始腹膜透析是有用的，因为它可以避免临时血液透析的需要。所有新透析患者中超过50%在诊断为ESRD时没有透析计划，而限期开始腹膜透析从一开始就提供了腹膜透析治疗模式选择，因此可增加采用腹膜透析进行肾脏替代治疗的患者数量。

限期开始腹膜透析的实践需要制定方案、政策和程序，以帮助及时、有效和安全地实施操作。

本专题讨论限期开始腹膜透析的方法。腹膜透析的不同类型和腹膜透析剂量将在别处讨论。 (参见“长期腹膜透析方式的选择”和“腹膜透析的充分性”)

定义

限期开始腹膜透析定义为在尚未进行透析治疗且需要在置入腹膜透析管后小于2周内开始透析但不需要急诊透析的新诊断ESRD患者中开始腹膜透析。急诊透析的指征包括高钾血症、容量超负荷和明显尿毒症(参见下文‘禁忌证’)。限期开始腹膜透析一般仅用于没有计划透析方式但被认为非常适合腹膜透析的患者。

背景

腹膜透析是一种患者(或家庭成员)接受适当训练后通常在家中进行的透析类型。偶尔也可暂时在透析中心进行，以帮助因暂时性失能或家中缺乏足够支持而不能在家中实施透析的患者，或者为尚未完成腹膜透析训练的患者进行透析。

            

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Literature review current through: 2017-06 . | This topic last updated: 2017-01-05.
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