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单侧动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄的治疗

Author
Stephen Textor, MD
Section Editors
George L Bakris, MD
Norman M Kaplan, MD
Deputy Editor
John P Forman, MD, MSc
Translators
张晓良, 主任医师，副教授

引言

肾动脉狭窄是一种在年龄较大的高血压患者中相对常见的表现。然而，肾动脉狭窄仅在某些情况下才是高血压的主要病因(即肾血管性高血压)。

对于大多数肾动脉狭窄病例，病变只累及一侧肾脏，而另一侧肾脏的主要供应血管基本上是正常的，因此称为“单侧”疾病。若患者双侧肾脏或孤立的功能肾发生肾动脉高度狭窄，引起总体功能性肾实质受累，则应视为“双侧”疾病。

单侧动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄的治疗将总结在此。提示存在肾血管性高血压以及确诊肾动脉狭窄的临床线索、双侧动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄的治疗、与合并动脉粥样硬化性肾血管疾病的慢性肾脏病相关的话题，以及纤维肌性疾病的诊断和治疗将在别处讨论。 (参见“哪些患者应评估肾血管性或其他原因的继发性高血压？”和“诊断肾血管性高血压”和“动脉粥样硬化性双侧肾动脉狭窄或孤立有功能肾肾动脉狭窄的治疗”和“动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄引起的慢性肾脏病的临床表现及诊断”和“纤维肌性发育不良的临床表现和诊断”和“肾动脉纤维肌性发育不良的治疗”)

临床表现和诊断的简要总结

流行病学 — 肾血管性高血压在轻度高血压患者中的患病率很可能不足1%，但在急性高血压(即使是在已有血压升高的基础上叠加发生)、重度高血压或难治性高血压患者中却可能高达10%-40%[1]。 (参见“哪些患者应评估肾血管性或其他原因的继发性高血压？”，关于‘肾血管性高血压的临床特征’一节)

在3项关于肾动脉狭窄患者的前瞻性治疗试验中，与双侧肾动脉狭窄相比，单侧病变的患病率在53%-80%之间[2-4]。大部分单侧肾动脉狭窄患者可采用抗高血压药物治疗来达到目标血压。

                    

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Literature review current through: 2017-06 . | This topic last updated: 2017-06-13.
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