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足月和晚期早产儿非结合胆红素血症的治疗

Authors
Ronald J Wong, BA
Vinod K Bhutani, MD, FAAP
Section Editor
Steven A Abrams, MD
Deputy Editor
Melanie S Kim, MD
Translators
王慧欣, 主任医师

引言

几乎所有新生儿的血清或血浆总胆红素(total bilirubin, TB)值都会大于1mg/dL(17.1μmol/L)，相当于成人正常值的上限。随着TB水平的增加，有一半的新生儿会出现新生儿黄疸，即胆红素沉积导致皮肤和/或结膜变黄。重度高胆红素血症定义为TB大于25mg/dL(428umol/L)，这类新生儿有发生胆红素诱导性神经功能障碍(bilirubin-induced neurologic dysfunction, BIND)的风险；当胆红素透过血脑屏障并与脑组织结合时，即出现BIND。

本文将总结新生儿非结合胆红素血症的治疗和重度高胆红素血症的预防。该病的临床表现、评估、发病机制和病因将单独讨论。 (参见“足月儿和晚期早产儿非结合高胆红素血症的临床表现”和“Evaluation of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia in term and late preterm infants”和“新生儿非结合性高胆红素血症的发病机制和病因”)

定义

●胎龄(gestational age, GA)大于等于35周的新生儿高胆红素血症定义为在小时Bhutani百分位列线图中，血清或血浆TB大于第95百分位数(图 1)[1]。

●重度新生儿高胆红素血症定义为TB大于25mg/dL(428μmol/L)。重度新生儿高胆红素血症伴有BIND风险增加，而当胆红素透过血脑屏障并与脑组织结合时，即出现BIND。 (参见“足月儿和晚期早产儿非结合高胆红素血症的临床表现”，关于‘神经系统表现’一节)

•急性胆红素脑病(acute bilirubin encephalopathy, ABE)用于描述BIND的急性表现。 (参见“足月儿和晚期早产儿非结合高胆红素血症的临床表现”，关于‘急性胆红素脑病’一节)

                                           

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Literature review current through: 2017-07 . | This topic last updated: 2017-07-25.
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