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急性应激障碍的治疗

Author
Richard Bryant, PhD
Section Editor
Murray B Stein, MD, MPH
Deputy Editor
Richard Hermann, MD
Translators
蒋文晖, 副主任医师

引言

急性应激障碍(acute stress disorder, ASD)的特征是个体暴露于创伤性事件后第1个月内可能发生的急性应激反应。此障碍的症状包括闯入性症状、分离症状、负性情绪、回避和警觉症状。一些经历ASD的患者会继续经历创伤后应激障碍(posttraumatic stress disorder, PTSD)，仅在暴露于创伤4周后才能诊断为PTSD。

ASD的治疗旨在减少急性应激反应的症状并防止其发展为PTSD。

ASD的治疗讨论在此。ASD的流行病学、发病机制、临床表现、病程和诊断将单独讨论。PTSD的流行病学、发病机制、临床表现、病程、诊断和治疗也将单独讨论。 (参见“急性应激障碍：流行病学、临床表现和诊断”和“成人创伤后应激障碍：流行病学、病理生理、临床表现、病程和诊断”和“成人创伤后应激障碍的药物治疗”和“成人创伤后应激障碍的心理治疗”)

概述

ASD的一线治疗是聚焦于创伤的认知行为治疗(cognitive-behavioral therapy, CBT)，该疗法已显示出可减少随后发展为PTSD的可能性。短期使用苯二氮卓类药物可能有助于减少急性警觉和睡眠障碍。在预防PTSD的干预措施尝试中也涉及了ASD的治疗。 (参见“成人创伤后应激障碍的药物治疗”和“成人创伤后应激障碍的心理治疗”，关于‘预防’一节)

一部分ASD患者在无正式干预的情况下也可适应(占ASD患者的1/4-1/2)[1]。

           

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Literature review current through: 2017-07 . | This topic last updated: 2014-01-17.
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