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药物对睡眠质量和睡眠结构的影响

Authors
Timothy Roehrs, PhD
Thomas Roth, PhD
Section Editor
Ruth Benca, MD, PhD
Deputy Editor
April F Eichler, MD, MPH
Translators
张力三, 副主任医师

引言

任何可透过血脑屏障的药物都可能改变睡眠质量和/或睡眠结构：

●睡眠质量是指，于夜间保持休息性睡眠的程度以及次日清醒时和整个白天感觉精力恢复的程度。睡眠质量的传统衡量指标包括入睡潜伏期、入睡后觉醒和/或睡眠持续时间。

●睡眠结构是指睡眠的构成。睡眠结构具有周期性，由快动眼睡眠相(rapid eye movement, REM)和数个非REM组成，主要通过多导睡眠监测中的脑电图(electroencephalography, EEG)来评估。

药物导致的睡眠质量和/或睡眠结构改变不同于睡眠障碍；在某些情况下，这种改变可能具有治疗作用，而其他情况下的改变可能为良性或尚未充分了解。作用于中枢神经系统(central nervous system, CNS)、心血管系统或呼吸系统的药物对睡眠质量和睡眠结构的影响，将总结在此。正常睡眠的分期和结构将单独讨论。 (参见“正常睡眠的分期和结构”)

作用于中枢神经系统的药物

经常开具的作用于CNS且能够影响睡眠的药物，包括苯二氮卓类药物、非苯二氮卓类受体激动剂、抗癫痫药、抗抑郁药、镇痛药和CNS兴奋药。

              

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Literature review current through: 2017-06 . | This topic last updated: 2016-01-27.
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