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颞动脉活检技术

Author
Palma Shaw, MD
Section Editors
Joseph L Mills, Sr, MD
John F Eidt, MD
Eric L Matteson, MD, MPH
Deputy Editor
Kathryn A Collins, MD, PhD, FACS
Translators
宋超, 主治医师

引言

颞动脉活检是建立巨细胞(颞)动脉炎诊断的主要方法。巨细胞动脉炎是一种累及大动脉和中动脉的慢性血管炎，主要发生于年龄较大的个体[1,2]。主动脉弓发出的血管及其分支，尤其是颈外动脉(external carotid artery, ECA)的分支，受累最显著[3]。临床表现为受累动脉的炎症，或受累动脉逐渐闭塞引起的动脉缺血征象[4,5]。

本专题将总结确诊巨细胞动脉炎的动脉活检技术。巨细胞动脉炎的发病机制、临床表现、诊断评估和治疗见其他专题。 (参见“巨细胞(颞)动脉炎的发病机制”和“巨细胞(颞)动脉炎的临床表现”和“巨细胞动脉炎(颞动脉炎)的诊断”和“巨细胞动脉炎(颞动脉炎)的治疗”)

活检适应证

颞动脉活检可识别巨细胞动脉炎的特征性组织病理学表现，是诊断巨细胞(颞)动脉炎的主要方法[6,7]。诊断巨细胞动脉炎的其他方法将在别处详细讨论。 (参见“巨细胞动脉炎(颞动脉炎)的诊断”)

行活检的外科医生应清楚，巨细胞动脉炎和风湿性多肌痛的临床表现可重叠，这两种疾病也可发生在相似的患者人群中[3]。如果对活检的必要性有疑问，活检外科医生应与转诊医生讨论。巨细胞(颞)动脉炎的临床表现见其他专题。 (参见“巨细胞(颞)动脉炎的临床表现”)

总的来说，颞动脉活检是一种较简单的操作，通常在局部麻醉下进行，并且几乎没有并发症。因此，颞动脉活检并无绝对禁忌证。

                           

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Literature review current through: 2017-06 . | This topic last updated: 2017-06-26.
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