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夜间血液透析技术方面的问题

Author
Andreas Pierratos, MD, FRCPC
Section Editor
Steve J Schwab, MD
Deputy Editor
Alice M Sheridan, MD
Translators
生杰, 主任医师，副教授

引言和概述

接受维持性血液透析患者的死亡率极高[1]。还观察到极高的并发症发病率、相对低的生存质量(部分是由于高度的依赖性和失业)，以及很高的医疗护理成本。

制定更加强化的透析方案似乎能改善这类患者群的并发症及可能的死亡。例如，与一周3次的常规方案相比，持续时间更长和/或频率更高的透析可改善结局[2-7]。然而，血液透析研究(hemodialysis study, HEMO study)发现，在一周3次方案的一般限制条件内增加透析剂量未能降低患者的死亡率[8-10]。 (参见“患者存活期和维持性透析”和“开具血液透析处方和评估血液透析的充分性”)

鉴于上述发现，夜间透析(如每晚长时间家庭血液透析)被作为(可能)更合适的常规透析的替代方法，这是因为基于剂量、持续时间及频率等各方面，它均能提供更好的透析效果。因为透析在每晚睡眠期间(非生产性时间)进行，所以可达到此目标[11]。

虽然在家进行夜间透析被归功于Shaldon [12]，但Uldall于1994年在多伦多率先开展每日夜间血液透析项目[11,13]。从那以后，夜间血液透析的应用已被推广到加拿大、美国、澳大利亚和几个欧洲国家更多的医疗中心[14-17]。

对夜间血液透析的介绍，尤其是与操作相关的确切方案将总结在此。夜间血液透析的结局及每日短时血液透析的概述见其他专题。 (参见“夜间血液透析的结局”和“Short daily hemodialysis”)

                  

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Literature review current through: 2017-06 . | This topic last updated: 2015-12-16.
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