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儿童睡行症及其他深眠状态

Author
Suresh Kotagal, MD
Section Editor
Ronald D Chervin, MD, MS
Deputy Editor
Alison G Hoppin, MD
Translators
黄颐, 主任医师

引言

深眠状态是一组干扰睡眠的发作性行为。患者的睡眠质量通常不受影响，但这会导致患儿或其父母产生严重焦虑。这些事件在学龄前儿童中最为常见，在0-9岁期间，发作频率随着年龄增大逐渐降低[1]。这些事件可能类似于睡眠相关的癫痫发作；因此，了解该病的临床特征及睡眠实验室检查的诊断特点非常重要。有时，在其他方面健康的儿童中深眠状态是孤立性症状；而在其他情况下，深眠状态与神经系统疾病、精神病或内科疾病共存。本文将对常见的儿童期深眠状态进行概述。

流行病学

大多数有关儿童期深眠状态的研究都提供了横断面数据，却几乎没有长期研究。

加拿大魁北克省进行的一项大型研究评估了2.5-6岁的年幼儿童[2]，深眠状态普遍存在：研究期间，该队列中88%的患者至少存在1种深眠状态。发现各种深眠状态的发病率如下：

  • 夜惊—40%
  • 睡行症—15%
  • 遗尿症—25%
  • 磨牙症(锉牙)—46%
  • 节律性运动(如：撞头)—9%

年龄较大儿童(6-11岁)作为Tucson儿童睡眠呼吸暂停评估研究(Tucson Children's Assessment of Sleep Apnea Study, TuCASA)的一部分接受了评估[1]。每种深眠状态都是由父母记录的，基线时频率如下所示，约5年后评估其缓解率：

                                

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Literature review current through: 2017-06 . | This topic last updated: 2016-05-25.
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