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儿童睡眠生理

Authors
Merrill S Wise, MD
Daniel G Glaze, MD
Section Editor
Ronald D Chervin, MD, MS
Deputy Editor
Alison G Hoppin, MD
Translators
彭炳蔚, 副主任医师

引言

睡眠是一种动态的生理过程，其对健康、日间功能和发育的许多方面都有重要影响。在出生后最初数年，会发生许多重要的发育变化，从而过渡为预期的成人睡眠/觉醒模式[1-3]。

本专题将介绍婴儿期和儿童期的正常睡眠/觉醒模式。这将为儿童睡眠问题的评估方法提供基础，儿童睡眠问题的评估方法将单独讨论。 (参见“儿童睡眠障碍的评估”)

成人睡眠的分期和结构也将单独详细讨论。 (参见“正常睡眠的分期和结构”)

睡眠状态

已根据特定的生理参数确定了两种独特的睡眠状态：快动眼(rapid eye movement, REM)睡眠和非快动眼(nonrapid eye movement, NREM)睡眠。关于婴儿、儿童和成人的睡眠状态评分，已经制定了标准化的方法[4,5]。

●REM睡眠是一种生理学上独特的状态，特征是呈活动的脑电图模式(在某些方面类似于觉醒)伴肌张力显著下降和阵发性快速眼球运动。做梦多发生在REM睡眠期[6,7]。

         

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Literature review current through: 2017-06 . | This topic last updated: 2017-05-05.
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