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成人单纯性和复杂性肾囊肿

Authors
William M Bennett, MD
Jonathan B Kruskal, MD, PhD
Jerome P Richie, MD, FACS
Section Editor
Ronald D Perrone, MD
Deputy Editor
Alice M Sheridan, MD
Translators
蔡林, 副主任医师

引言

肾囊肿由遗传性或非遗传性病变导致，可见于成人和儿童的各种疾病中。放射影像学上明显的成人肾囊肿的最常见原因为单纯性肾囊肿(将在此讨论)、常染色体显性遗传性多囊肾病变(polycystic kidney disease, PKD)以及终末期肾病(end-stage renal disease, ESRD)患者在透析(特别是血液透析)数年后出现的获得性囊性疾病。 (参见“常染色体显性遗传性多囊肾病的肾脏表现”和“常染色体显性遗传性多囊肾的病程和治疗”和“成人获得性肾囊肿”)

较小的囊肿(直径通常小于1cm)也可见于髓质海绵肾、常染色体隐性遗传性PKD和常染色体显性遗传性间质性肾病(以前称为髓质囊性肾病)。 (参见“髓质海绵肾”和“儿童常染色体隐性遗传性多囊肾”和“常染色体显性遗传间质性肾病(肾髓质囊性病)”)

成人肾囊肿的其他不常见原因包括von Hippel-Lindau病、结节性硬化病和肾消耗性疾病。 (参见“von Hippel-Lindau病的临床特征、诊断及处理”和“结节性硬化病的肾脏表现”，关于‘肾囊肿’一节和“肾消耗病的遗传学及发病机制”，关于‘发病机制’一节)

肾囊肿分类系统的概述、我们推荐的成人复杂性肾囊肿的处理方法以及单纯性肾囊肿的讨论见此专题。肾实体肿块的评估将单独讨论。 (参见“小肾脏占位性病变的诊断方法、鉴别诊断与治疗”)

单纯性和复杂性肾囊肿的特征

肾囊肿可分为单纯性或复杂性。单纯性肾囊肿常见于正常肾脏，随着年龄增长发病率逐渐增加[1]。这类囊肿为良性无症状的病变，极少需要治疗。 (参见下文‘单纯性肾囊肿’)

                   

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Literature review current through: 2017-06 . | This topic last updated: 2016-07-21.
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