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血液透析患者的癫痫发作

Authors
Yousri M Barri, MD
Thomas A Golper, MD
Section Editor
Jeffrey S Berns, MD
Deputy Editor
Alice M Sheridan, MD
Translators
刘爱华, 主任医师，教授

引言

在进行血液透析的患者中，癫痫发作并不少见[1]。由于癫痫发作更常见于因严重尿毒症而需急性透析的患者，目前人们倾向较早开始透析，这使透析患者的癫痫发作发生率降低。

癫痫发作一般发生于血液透析过程中或透析结束后不久，因为透析使体内的血流动力学和生物化学状态产生变化[1]。因此，应对存在易感因素(如极严重的尿毒症或者严重电解质紊乱)的患者采用预防措施[2]。

本专题将总结透析患者癫痫发作的病因和治疗方法。非肾衰竭患者癫痫发作的处理以及对透析可能出现急性并发症的综述，参见其他专题。 (参见“成人癫痫处理概述”和“血液透析期间的急性并发症”)

病因

肾衰竭患者与非肾衰竭患者具有多种相似的癫痫发作病因。不过，尿毒症患者存在一些特异性病因：

●尿毒症脑病

                      

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Literature review current through: 2017-06 . | This topic last updated: 2017-04-24.
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