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对血液透析膜的反应

Author
Alessandro Bellucci, MD
Section Editor
Steve J Schwab, MD
Deputy Editor
Alice M Sheridan, MD
Translators
司美君, 主治医师

引言

透析器反应是指由于血液成分与血液透析膜之间相互作用而引发的所有异常后遗症。目前主要有2种类型的反应：A型和B型[1]。这些反应主要在使用新透析器时出现，因此在过去被统称为术语“首次使用综合征(first-use syndrome)”。在讨论这些反应的特征前，对不同类型的透析器进行回顾有所帮助，因为透析器可影响反应的频率和类型。暴露于透析膜更长期的临床结局将单独讨论。 (参见“血液透析膜生物相容性的临床影响”)

血液透析膜的类型

目前4种类型的膜被用于血液透析器[2]：

●纤维素膜(cellulose)，又称铜纺膜，是一种来自加压棉的以多糖为基础的膜。它是由具有丰富游离羟基基团的葡聚糖环链组成的。

●改良的纤维素膜是由一种其他材料与纤维素聚合物表面的游离羟基基团通过化学结合形成的。最常见的类型是醋酸纤维素，其中醋酸替换了80%的羟基基团。

●合成纤维素膜是指在膜的形成过程中，向液化纤维素中加入一种合成材料(如在血仿膜制造过程中，加入二乙氨乙基)得到的改良膜。

         

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Literature review current through: 2017-06 . | This topic last updated: 2017-05-08.
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