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早产儿呼吸暂停的发病机制、临床表现及诊断

Author
Richard Martin, MD
Section Editors
Joseph A Garcia-Prats, MD
George B Mallory, MD
Deputy Editor
Melanie S Kim, MD
Translators
姜春明, 主任医师，教授

引言

早产儿呼吸暂停是早产儿因呼吸控制不成熟而发生的一种发育障碍。早产儿呼吸暂停最被广泛接受的定义是呼吸停止超过20秒，或者呼吸停止时间较短但伴有氧合血红蛋白去饱和和/或心动过缓[1]。这些症状的发生率与胎龄成反比，几乎所有胎龄小于28周的婴儿都会受累。

本专题将总结早产儿呼吸暂停的发病机制、诊断和临床表现。早产儿呼吸暂停的治疗将单独讨论。 (参见“早产儿呼吸暂停的处理”)

定义

呼吸暂停 — 呼吸暂停是指呼吸气流中断。短时间的呼吸停止(5-10秒)在早产儿中较常见，是正常表现。

早产儿呼吸暂停最被广泛接受的定义是：胎龄小于37周的婴儿呼吸停止超过20秒，或停止时间较短但伴有氧饱和度下降和/或心动过缓[1]。婴儿呼吸暂停是指胎龄大于等于37周的婴儿出现呼吸暂停。

根据是否存在持续的吸气用力和上气道梗阻，将呼吸暂停分为中枢性、阻塞性或混合性呼吸暂停。

                   

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Literature review current through: 2017-07 . | This topic last updated: 2016-04-01.
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