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间质性膀胱炎/膀胱疼痛综合征的发病机制、临床特征和诊断

Author
J Quentin Clemens, MD, FACS, MSCI
Section Editor
Michael P O'Leary, MD, MPH
Deputy Editor
Lee Park, MD, MPH
Translators
杨旭, 副教授

引言

慢性膀胱痛是一种能严重影响日常活动能力的疾病，它可降低生存质量[1,2]。慢性膀胱痛的病理生理学尚不十分清楚，这类症状可能有多种潜在病因。当慢性膀胱痛患者不存在引起症状的其他病因时，间质性膀胱炎(interstitial cystitis, IC)/膀胱痛综合征(bladder pain syndrome, BPS)的诊断是适用的。识别出符合IC/BPS诊断标准的患者使得可进行以缓解症状为目标的治疗。这种疾病常合并其他慢性疼痛综合征(如，纤维肌痛、肠易激综合征)。

IC/BPS的发病机制、临床特征和诊断将在此讨论。该病的治疗见其他专题。 (参见“间质性膀胱炎/膀胱疼痛综合征的治疗”)

专业术语

没有可识别病因的慢性膀胱痛历来被称为IC。然而，这一术语并不恰当，因为既无证据表明膀胱炎症(膀胱炎)参与了本病的病因或发病机制，也无证据表明本病与膀胱间质的其他异常有关。

当前认为，具有这些症状的患者存在慢性膀胱疼痛性疾病，类似于人们还不太了解的其他慢性疼痛性疾病(如，纤维肌痛或肠易激综合征)。因此，曾有一个运动想把这种疾病重命名为痛性膀胱综合征或BPS。然而，由于之前投入了相当多的努力才认可“IC”是一种正当合理的致残性躯体疾病，所以为保持延续性，该术语被沿用至今。本专题将使用“IC/BPS”这一术语。

IC/BPS的定义将在下文讨论。 (参见下文‘诊断’)

                        

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Literature review current through: 2017-06 . | This topic last updated: 2015-07-24.
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