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膀胱尿路上皮癌的初始处理和治疗概述

Authors
Seth P Lerner, MD
Derek Raghavan, MD, PhD, FACP, FASCO
Section Editor
Jerome P Richie, MD, FACS
Deputy Editor
Michael E Ross, MD
Translators
张骞, 副主任医师，副教授

引言

膀胱癌是最常见的累及泌尿系统的恶性肿瘤。在美国和欧洲，尿路上皮(曾被称为移行细胞)癌是主要的组织学类型，约占所有膀胱癌的90%。在世界其他地区，非尿路上皮癌则更常见。在较少见的情况下，尿路上皮癌可出现在肾盂、输尿管或尿道。 (参见“膀胱尿路上皮(移行细胞)癌的流行病学和危险因素”，关于‘流行病学’一节)

就诊时膀胱尿路上皮癌包括非肌层浸润癌、肌层浸润癌和转移癌。病变的程度可反映其自然病程并决定治疗和预后。

本专题将提供膀胱尿路上皮癌的初始处理和治疗概述。如下所示，关于这些问题的更详细的讨论见相关专题。

其他部位出现的尿路上皮肿瘤的处理及其他类型的膀胱癌将单独讨论：

●(参见“男性尿道癌”)

                         

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Literature review current through: 2017-06 . | This topic last updated: 2017-06-29.
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