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酒精所致慢性神经系统并发症概述

Author
Michael E Charness, MD
Section Editor
Michael J Aminoff, MD, DSc
Deputy Editor
Janet L Wilterdink, MD

引言

急性酒精中毒与意外事故、交通致死事故、家庭暴力、凶杀和自杀等事件密切相关。酒精依赖还是一种慢性疾病，与营养不良、创伤及各种中枢神经系统疾病相关。酒精滥用的慢性神经系统并发症将总结在此。酒精戒断综合征将单独讨论。 (参见“中重度酒精戒断综合征的处理”)

Wernicke-Korsakoff综合征是硫胺素(维生素B1)缺乏的最为人们熟知的并发症[1]。这个术语是指两种不同的综合征，各代表该疾病的一个不同阶段。Wernicke脑病(Wernicke encephalopathy, WE)是一种需要紧急治疗以防止死亡和神经系统并发症发生的急性综合征。Korsakoff综合征(Korsakoff syndrome, KS)是一种慢性神经系统疾病，通常继发于WE。

Wernicke脑病

WE是一种由硫胺素缺乏引起的常见的急性神经系统疾病[1]。它表现为脑病、眼球运动障碍和共济失调性步态的临床三联征。

该病将在别处作更详细的讨论。 (参见“Wernicke脑病”)

Korsakoff综合征

KS是WE的一种迟发性神经精神表现，患者存在显著的选择性顺行性遗忘和逆行性遗忘。虽然这种记忆障碍可在各种损害内侧颞叶的疾病中发生；但KS最常见于有WE发作史的酒精滥用者，并且大多数KS患者表现出典型的WE病变[1]。 (参见“Wernicke脑病”，关于‘临床病程和预后’一节)

                   

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Literature review current through: 2017-06 . | This topic last updated: 2012-05-17.
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