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儿童或青少年运动员的颈部肌肉骨骼损伤概述

Authors
Jason E Decker, MD, FAAP
Albert C Hergenroeder, MD
Section Editors
Joseph Chorley, MD
Richard G Bachur, MD
Deputy Editor
James F Wiley, II, MD, MPH
Translators
王根林, 副主任医师，副教授

引言

年轻运动员颈部骨骼肌肉损伤的概述将总结在此。颈椎解剖、运动员颈部疼痛或损伤的诊断方法、运动员急性颈部损伤的院前处理，以及颈段脊髓及外周神经损伤，将单独讨论。 (参见“对儿童或青少年运动员颈部疼痛或损伤的概述”和“急性颈部损伤儿童或青少年运动员的场地治疗与评估”和“儿童或青少年运动员颈段脊髓和颈部外周神经损伤概述”)

骨折

娱乐和体育运动是伴神经损伤的脊柱骨折的重要原因。 (参见“对儿童或青少年运动员颈部疼痛或损伤的概述”，关于‘流行病学’一节)

一项回顾性研究纳入1447例在两个加拿大中心治疗的脊柱骨折，14%的骨折和23%的伴神经功能障碍的损伤发生于体育和娱乐活动期间[1]。娱乐活动期间发生的202例骨折中，跳水占21%，雪地摩托、跳伞和马术各占10%。这些骨折中近1/4发生于高速冬季运动期间(如，雪地摩托、雪橇滑雪、高山滑雪、冰球运动)。

寰椎(C1)骨折 — 颈椎的轴向负荷可导致两种寰椎骨折(Jefferson骨折)，即后弓骨折和爆裂骨折[2]。

●后弓骨折更为常见(影像 1)；佩戴支具后，通常经纤维性或骨性融合达到良好愈合。

                              

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Literature review current through: 2017-06 . | This topic last updated: 2016-10-10.
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