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复视概述

Author
Don C Bienfang, MD
Section Editor
Paul W Brazis, MD
Deputy Editor
Janet L Wilterdink, MD
Translators
陈迪, 主治医师

引言

眼外肌功能障碍可能是由于肌肉本身的异常，或者是支配该肌肉的运动神经异常导致。这一功能障碍相关的主要症状是复视。本文将总结神经肌肉性复视的评估。

神经解剖学

每只眼各有3对眼外肌支配其3个方向的运动：垂直方向(上方和下方)、水平方向(内侧和外侧)和旋转方向(眼朝向鼻侧旋转时的内旋以及眼朝肩膀方向旋转时的外旋)。下述肌肉负责这些运动(表 1和图 1和图 2)：

  • 上直肌和下斜肌负责眼球向上的垂直运动。上直肌在所有注视方向起作用，下斜肌在内侧注视时起作用。
  • 下直肌和上斜肌负责眼球向下的垂直运动。下直肌在所有注视方向起作用，上斜肌在内侧注视时起作用。
  • 外直肌负责眼球外展。
  • 内直肌负责眼球内收。
  • 上斜肌负责眼球内旋。
  • 下斜肌负责眼球外旋。

上斜肌由第Ⅳ颅神经支配，外直肌由第Ⅵ颅神经支配，其他所有眼外肌都由第Ⅲ颅神经支配(表 1)。

有关眼球运动的神经系统检查的详细内容将单独讨论。 (参见“成人的神经系统详细检查”)

                               

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Literature review current through: 2017-06 . | This topic last updated: 2017-06-20.
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