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姑息治疗中焦虑的概述

Authors
Scott A Irwin, MD, PhD
Jeremy M Hirst, MD, PhD, FAPM, FAPA
Section Editor
Susan D Block, MD
Deputy Editors
Diane MF Savarese, MD
Richard Hermann, MD
Translators
易正辉, 主任医师

引言

对于大部分接受姑息治疗患者，由于疾病的不确定性和临近死亡，出现焦虑症状被认为是正常的，而且也是预期结果。焦虑通常被描述成无助感或恐惧感，常由死亡相关因素引起。他们的这种痛苦可能也与躯体、心理、社会、精神、实践、生命终结及丧失性问题相关[1,2]。他们表现出对死亡过程和导致死亡事件的恐惧。他们常常吐露关于宗教信仰、精神问题、存在问题以及怎样安详死亡的担忧。部分焦虑患者可能需要干预，而部分可能不需要。通常他们所需要的是得到安慰、有存在感、直接解决他们的担忧以及控制症状。

尽管很多患者有担心、恐惧和忧虑，不过他们并没到达焦虑障碍的程度。此外，焦虑障碍不应被假定为严重疾患中不可避免的部分[3]。然而，对于其他患者，对未控制症状或丧失自主性的恐惧可导致严重的焦虑，而严重的焦虑有时导致希望加速死亡[1]。

一项多中心研究证实了未经治疗、持续存在的焦虑具有有害影响，该研究纳入了600多例晚期癌症患者，评估了焦虑障碍与包括医患关系在内的多个终点的关系[4]。与无焦虑的患者相比，焦虑障碍患者不太信任他们的医生。此外，还报道了焦虑患者的如下问题：

●不太能自在地提问有关其健康的问题

●不太可能理解临床信息

                            

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Literature review current through: 2017-07 . | This topic last updated: 2017-05-10.
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