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非惊厥性癫痫持续状态

Authors
Nicolas Gaspard, MD, PhD
Jeffrey Jirsch, MD, MSc., FRCPC
Lawrence J Hirsch, MD
Section Editor
Timothy A Pedley, MD
Deputy Editor
April F Eichler, MD, MPH
Translators
韩雄, 主任医师

引言和定义

非惊厥性癫痫持续状态(nonconvulsive status epilepticus, NCSE)最初是在慢性癫痫患者中报道的，但目前发现在其他患者群体中的出现频率也有所增加，尤其是在危重患者中。  

NCSE是指一种不伴惊厥的进行性或间断性癫痫发作状态，发作至少持续30分钟，患者在发作间期不会恢复意识。目前至少已有一个学会建议将持续时间的标准从30分钟缩短为5分钟[1]。对于基线时昏迷的患者或脑病患者，如果在任一连续1小时的脑电图(electroencephalography, EEG)记录中出现总计30分钟以上的发作性电活动(即，>记录时间的50%)，通常即为NCSE。

NCSE的诊断和治疗并不简单，取决于很多因素，包括临床背景、病因、EEG的结果和患者的临床状况。此外，有一点并不总是很清楚，即脑电图上的电活动对临床损害或持续性神经元损伤的影响程度如何。

本专题将总结NCSE，惊厥性癫痫持续状态(status epilepticus, SE)见其他专题。 (参见“成人癫痫持续状态”和“儿童癫痫持续状态的临床特征和并发症”和“儿童惊厥性癫痫持续状态的治疗”)

电-临床分类

目前对NCSE尚无正式分类；根据其临床特征、病因、病理生理学和EEG相关性，目前已有几种分类法[2-5]。

                            

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Literature review current through: 2017-06 . | This topic last updated: 2017-04-04.
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