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夜间腿部痛性痉挛

Author
John W Winkelman, MD, PhD
Section Editors
Ira N Targoff, MD
Jeremy M Shefner, MD, PhD
Deputy Editor
Paul L Romain, MD
Translators
张卓莉, 主任医师，教授

引言

夜间腿部痛性痉挛又称睡眠相关腿部痛性痉挛，是一种常见的下肢疾病，可引起疼痛并可影响睡眠。其症状是由于突然发生的不自主肌肉收缩，常影响小腿和足部。

夜间腿部痛性痉挛将总结在此。其他夜间腿部不适或异常运动的疾病，如不安腿综合征(restless legs syndrome, RLS)和睡眠期周期性肢动(periodic limb movements of sleep, PLMS)将单独讨论。 (参见“不安腿综合征”)

流行病学

夜间腿部痛性痉挛常见，但就诊率低[1,2]。年龄超过50岁的人群中近50%存在此疾病，患病率和发生频率随年龄增长而增加，无性别差异。

有报道称7%的儿童及青少年会发生夜间腿部痛性痉挛[3]。在这类人群中的高峰发病年龄为16-18岁，没有8岁以下儿童出现该病的病例报道。儿童的夜间腿部痛性痉挛通常为良性、自限性且发作不频繁[3,4]。

病因及发病机制

腿部痛性痉挛可为特发性，这种是最常见的，或者继发于其他躯体疾病。继发性的病因包括结构性异常、腿部姿势不当，神经系统疾病，代谢紊乱(包括细胞外液容量不足和电解质紊乱)，以及药物[5-16]。最常见的腿部痛性痉挛形式不存在液体或电解质失衡。

               

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Literature review current through: 2017-06 . | This topic last updated: 2016-10-17.
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