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新生儿癫痫综合征

Author
Eli M Mizrahi, MD
Section Editors
Douglas R Nordli, Jr, MD
Joseph A Garcia-Prats, MD
Deputy Editor
April F Eichler, MD, MPH
Translators
黄志, 主任医师，教授

引言

识别癫痫发作的病因是新生儿癫痫发作处理中的一个主要临床目标。准确地确定病因可带来针对病因的治疗，且可能限制不治疗病因时发生的中枢神经系统(central nervous system, CNS)功能障碍。此外，控制癫痫发作本身可能也需要针对病因的治疗。

尽管已有很多关于癫痫发作对未成熟脑部不良影响的讨论，但影响长期结局最重要的因素是癫痫发作的病因以及基础异常所致脑部损伤的程度和分布。

本专题将讨论已识别的新生儿癫痫综合征。急性反应性新生儿癫痫发作比新生儿癫痫综合征常见得多，其将单独讨论。 (参见“新生儿癫痫发作的病因和预后”)

不同类型新生儿癫痫发作(重点在于临床特征和电检查诊断)的特征将在别处讨论。相关治疗也将单独讨论。 (参见“新生儿癫痫发作的临床特征、评估和诊断”和“新生儿惊厥的治疗”)

概述

绝大多数新生儿癫痫发作都可被归为“症状性”癫痫发作，代表着一组可识别病因的疾病(表 1)。癫痫发作被认为是急性反应性的，其预后因具体病因不同而不同。(参见“新生儿癫痫发作的病因和预后”)然而，在对病因进行全面评估之后，仍有一些癫痫发作的原因不明。当癫痫发作伴有提示CNS损伤的其他临床体征时，则可认为其病因为“隐源性”。这种癫痫发作发生于其他方面正常的婴儿时被称为“特发性”癫痫发作。

                     

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Literature review current through: 2017-06 . | This topic last updated: 2016-08-22.
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