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女性妊娠期及产后高血压的处理

Author
Phyllis August, MD, MPH
Section Editors
Charles J Lockwood, MD, MHCM
George L Bakris, MD
Deputy Editor
Vanessa A Barss, MD, FACOG
Translators
刘媛, 副主任医师

引言

妊娠高血压疾病分为4种类型：

●子痫前期-子痫–子痫前期是指先前血压正常的女性(最常)在妊娠20周以后新发高血压和蛋白尿或终末器官功能障碍(表 1)的一种综合征[1]。当有癫痫发作时，诊断为子痫。  

●慢性(既往存在性)高血压–慢性高血压被定义为妊娠前收缩压大于等于140mmHg和/或舒张压大于等于90mmHg，在妊娠期的第20周前就存在，或持续到产后12周以后。

●慢性高血压并发子痫前期-子痫–慢性高血压妊娠女性的血压进一步升高，并且出现新发的蛋白尿或其他子痫前期特征(如，肝酶高、血小板计数低)，则可诊断为慢性高血压并发子痫前期-子痫。

●妊娠期高血压–妊娠期高血压是指妊娠20周后首次检测到血压升高，并且无蛋白尿或子痫前期的其他诊断性特征。随着时间推移，部分妊娠期高血压患者会出现子痫前期特征性的蛋白尿或终末器官功能障碍(表 1)，并被认为是子痫前期，而其他患者由于产后血压持续升高，则会被诊断为妊娠合并慢性高血压。

                                           

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Literature review current through: 2017-06 . | This topic last updated: 2017-06-26.
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