肝移植治疗酒精性肝病
- Author
- Scott L Friedman, MD
Scott L Friedman, MD
- Fishberg Professor of Medicine
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
- Section Editor
- Robert S Brown, Jr, MD, MPH
Robert S Brown, Jr, MD, MPH
- Section Editor — Liver Transplantation
- Vice Chair, Transitions of Care, Department of Medicine
- Interim Chief, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
- Weill Cornell Medical College
- Professor of Clinical Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons
- Deputy Editor
- Anne C Travis, MD, MSc, FACG, AGAF
Anne C Travis, MD, MSc, FACG, AGAF
- Deputy Editor — Gastroenterology/Hepatology
- Assistant Professor of Medicine, Part-time
- Harvard Medical School
- Translators
- 梁锐, 副主任医师,教授
梁锐, 副主任医师,教授
- 大连医科大学附属第二医院肝胆外科
引言
在经历最初不愿为酒精性肝病患者进行肝移植之后,现在已清楚发现,对于经适当筛选的酒精性肝病患者,肝移植可提供一种同等于其用于其他疾病适应证的绝佳生存优势。最初不愿意进行肝移植是源于酒精性肝病是一种自己造成的疾病的观点,并且源于认为可能存在酒精介导的肝外部位损伤[1,2]。而且也有顾虑认为患者对术后推荐治疗的依从性欠佳,且患者再饮酒将会导致肝移植失败。但反对的意见和积累的数据已经解决了这些保守意见[3]。对酒精性肝病进行肝移植似乎符合成本效果,尽管其成本效果可能少于对其他一些适应证(例如,原发性胆汁性肝硬化和原发性硬化性胆管炎)进行的肝移植[2,4-6]。
然而,肝源的短缺限制了晚期肝病患者肝移植的可用性。近年来,肝硬化相关的死亡率增加令人担忧,且强调了对减少酒精摄入的更正式项目的需求[7-11]。
本专题将总结酒精性肝病的肝移植。关于酒精诱导性肝脏损伤的其他方面将在别处讨论。 (参见“酒精性肝病的发病机制”和“酒精性脂肪性肝病和酒精性肝硬化的临床表现和诊断”和“酒精性脂肪肝和酒精性肝硬化的预后和管理”)
肝移植的效力
美国在1992-2001年间,所有原位肝移植(orthotopic liver transplant, OLT)中有18%是由于终末期酒精性肝病[12]。匹兹堡报道了对酒精性肝硬化患者进行肝移植的最初丰富经验,42例患者中的生存率与其他类型肝病患者进行肝移植后的生存率相等[13]。目前,其他几个中心也相继报道了相近的数据[14-21]。例如,在一份报告中,123例患者的1年、5年和7年精算患者生存率和肝移植存活率,分别为84%和81%(1年)、72%和66%(5年)、63%和59%(7年)[19]。而未进行肝移植患者的5年生存率低至23%。对于经适当筛查和处理的酗酒患者,肝移植后可能完全重新融入社会[22]。
肝移植成功的一个重要决定因素是,治疗终末期酒精性肝病患者的临床医师认为肝移植是一个可能的选择,并尽早将其患者转诊至移植中心进行评估。随着等待可用供体器官时间的日益延长,延迟转诊可能会使患者不能活过评估及等待期[23,24]。
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To continue reading this article, you must log in with your personal, hospital, or group practice subscription. For more information or to purchase a personal subscription, click below on the option that best describes you:Literature review current through: 2017-06 . | This topic last updated: 2015-08-31.The content on the UpToDate website is not intended nor recommended as a substitute for medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your own physician or other qualified health care professional regarding any medical questions or conditions. The use of this website is governed by the UpToDate Terms of Use ©2017 UpToDate, Inc.References- Moss AH, Siegler M. Should alcoholics compete equally for liver transplantation? JAMA 1991; 265:1295.
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