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检测肝细胞损伤的肝脏生化检查

Author
Lawrence S Friedman, MD
Section Editor
Sanjiv Chopra, MD, MACP
Deputy Editor
Anne C Travis, MD, MSc, FACG, AGAF
Translators
刘珣, 主治医师

引言

现有很多血液检查可反映肝脏的状况。临床实践中最常用的检查包括血清氨基转移酶、胆红素、碱性磷酸酶、白蛋白和凝血酶原时间。这些检查常被称为“肝功能检测”，但是此术语多少会产生误解，因为大多数这些检查并不能准确地反映肝脏的功能状况有多好，并且异常值可以由与肝脏无关的其他疾病引起。此外，晚期肝病患者的这些检测可能是正常的。

也已开发出数种专项检查[如吲哚菁绿(indocyanine green, ICG)清除试验]，尽管在临床实践中不常使用，但这些方法可以检测肝脏功能的特定方面。

肝脏生化和功能检查尽管有其局限性，但在临床医学中有多种应用：

●提供一种非侵入性的方法来筛查肝脏疾病的存在。例如在美国，血清氨基转移酶检查是用以筛查所有献血者是否携带传染性病毒的系列检查的一部分。

●可以用来衡量肝病治疗效果(如自身免疫性肝炎的免疫抑制剂治疗)。 (参见“自身免疫性肝炎：治疗”)

         

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Literature review current through: 2017-06 . | This topic last updated: 2017-03-09.
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