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为有变态反应性疾病风险的婴儿添加配方奶粉

Author
David M Fleischer, MD
Section Editor
Scott H Sicherer, MD, FAAAAI
Deputy Editor
Elizabeth TePas, MD, MS
Translators
阎雪, 副主任医师，副教授

引言

术语“变态反应”是指一种由免疫机制启动的超敏反应。发生变态反应性疾病需要3种因素：适当的遗传背景、接触变应原、环境因素(如，暴露的时间、量和频率)。

最常见的变态反应性或特应性疾病包括：特应性皮炎(atopic dermatitis, AD)、哮喘、变态反应性鼻炎(allergic rhinitis, AR)和食物过敏。这些疾病困扰着美国20%的人口，在发达国家中其患病率逐渐上升。特应性疾病的患病率增长已被视为一种大流行，这凸显了有效预防变态反应的必要性[1]。

令人信服的研究支持这样一种观点，即在婴儿期早期存在一个关键时间段，在这个时间段内，对特应症有遗传易感性的婴儿被致敏的风险较高[2]。因此，已有研究分析了婴儿出生后第1年内膳食干预对变态反应性疾病患病率的影响[3]。

一些研究分析了多种婴儿配方奶粉的使用与特应性疾病风险高的婴儿发生变态反应性疾病之间的相关性，本专题将讨论这些研究。早期或推迟添加辅食与发生特应症之间的关系，以及变态反应性疾病一级预防的其他方面参见其他专题。 (参见“过敏性疾病的一级预防：母亲妊娠期和哺乳期膳食”和“The impact of breastfeeding on the development of allergic disease”和“Introducing highly allergenic foods to infants and children”)

概述

本文将总结发生变态反应性疾病风险较高的婴儿的定义，以及可供婴儿使用的不同配方奶粉。

          

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Literature review current through: 2017-07 . | This topic last updated: 2016-06-28.
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