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睡眠剥夺：定义、后果和治疗

Author
Chiara Cirelli, MD, PhD
Section Editor
Ruth Benca, MD, PhD
Deputy Editor
April F Eichler, MD, MPH

引言

慢性睡眠剥夺在现代社会中很常见，可能缘于多种因素，包括工作需求、社会和家庭责任、躯体疾病以及睡眠障碍。随着睡眠不足的累积，个体可能出现行为能力下降、意外事故和死亡风险升高以及对身心健康均有害的影响。

睡眠有两个衡量角度：持续时间(量)和深度(质)。当个体不能获得足够时长和质量的睡眠时，日间警觉性和功能会受损。为了应对睡眠剥夺，睡眠常会更长且更深。然而，在许多病例中，睡眠深度可改变但睡眠时长无较大变化。因此，单靠睡眠时长并不能很好地反映要在晨起时感到精神焕发和达到恰当功能状态所需的睡眠量。

急性睡眠剥夺和睡眠不足的定义、流行病学、病因和后果将总结在此。失眠与睡眠剥夺不同，其相关内容见其他专题。 (参见“失眠概述”和“失眠的临床特征和诊断”)

定义

由总睡眠时间减少(量的下降)或短暂觉醒导致的睡眠片段化(质的下降)引起睡眠不足，以至于无法维持足够的警醒状态、行为和健康时，即为睡眠剥夺。

急性睡眠剥夺指无睡眠或比平常总睡眠时间减少，通常持续1-2日。慢性睡眠剥夺(也叫睡眠限制)则指个体睡眠时间常规少于维持最佳功能状态所需的睡眠时间。

                     

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Literature review current through: 2017-06 . | This topic last updated: 2016-12-08.
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