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初步评估和稳定胸部创伤儿童

Author
Donna Reyes Mendez, MD
Section Editor
Richard G Bachur, MD
Deputy Editor
James F Wiley, II, MD, MPH
Translators
曾骐, 主任医师，教授

引言

本文将总结初步评估和稳定胸部创伤儿童。成人的胸部创伤和儿童的具体胸部损伤将单独讨论。 (参见“成人钝性胸部损伤的初步评估和处理”和“Overview of intrathoracic injuries in children”和“Chest wall injuries in children”和“Pulmonary contusion in children”)

流行病学

在受伤儿童中，胸部创伤很少发生。在几项描述儿科创伤患者的观察性病例系列研究中，4%-8%的儿童存在胸部损伤[1-4]。

至少85%病例的创伤机制为钝性损伤[1-4]。大多数患者是作为乘客或行人在机动车碰撞事故中受伤。其他创伤机制包括坠落伤(8%-10%)和虐待(7%-8%)。虐待性损伤的儿童通常有肋骨骨折且年龄小(通常小于3岁)[5,6]。 (参见“儿童虐待的骨科方面”，关于‘肋骨骨折’一节)

穿透性胸部损伤可能由枪伤或者刺伤/刺穿伤造成：

●在美国，枪伤是儿童穿透性胸部损伤的主要原因。一项关于报告至美国国家儿科创伤登记处的回顾性研究提到，60%的穿透性胸部损伤由枪伤造成，而33%由刺伤造成[3]。

                     

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Literature review current through: 2017-06 . | This topic last updated: 2017-05-22.
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