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婴儿血管瘤的评估与诊断

Author
Denise W Metry, MD
Section Editor
Moise L Levy, MD
Deputy Editor
Rosamaria Corona, MD, DSc
Translators
吴严, 主任医师，教授

引言

婴儿血管瘤是一类血管内皮良性肿瘤。它们是最常见的儿童期肿瘤。尽管血管瘤是良性的并具有自限性，但是部分血管瘤可导致诸如溃疡或影响生活的损容等并发症。在少数情况下，血管瘤可能损害重要器官功能或伴有发育异常。

本文将讨论血管瘤的评估。血管瘤的流行病学、发病机制、临床特征、并发症和治疗将单独讨论。 (参见“婴幼儿血管瘤的流行病学、发病机制、临床特点和并发症”和“婴儿血管瘤的处理”)

诊断与评估

在绝大多数患者中，可以根据病史和体格检查临床确诊血管瘤[1]。然而，较深的皮下病变没有特征性上覆皮肤改变和肝脏病变(尤其是不存在皮肤血管瘤时)，这种情况可能难以与血管畸形或其他肿瘤相鉴别。尽管影像学检查可能有帮助[2-5]，但是在疑似病例中通常需要组织活检进行确诊。

病史 — 血管病变儿童病史的重要内容包括[6]：

●最初发现病变时的年龄及该病变随后的临床演变。

            

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Literature review current through: 2017-07 . | This topic last updated: 2017-07-06.
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