睡眠性头痛
- Author
- F Michael Cutrer, MD
F Michael Cutrer, MD
- Associate Professor of Neurology
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
- Section Editor
- Jerry W Swanson, MD, MHPE
Jerry W Swanson, MD, MHPE
- Section Editor — Headache
- Professor of Neurology
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
- Deputy Editor
- John F Dashe, MD, PhD
John F Dashe, MD, PhD
- Deputy Editor — Neurology
- Translators
- 张斌, 主任医师
张斌, 主任医师
- 南方医科大学南方医院精神心理科
引言
睡眠性头痛是几种较为罕见的头痛综合征之一,可能为原发性头痛,也可能继发于潜在恶性疾病。对这些罕见类型的头痛仔细评估潜在病因非常重要。
本专题将总结睡眠性头痛。其他类型的罕见原发性头痛疾病将单独讨论。 (参见“原发性针刺样头痛”和“原发性咳嗽性头痛”和“劳力性头痛”和“与性行为相关的原发性头痛”和“霹雳性头痛”和“硬币形头痛”)
病理生理学
睡眠性头痛的病因目前仍不明确。其发病具有明显的周期性,持续时间相似且锂盐治疗有效,这提示:该病的病理生理学可能与丛集性头痛和下丘脑功能障碍存在关联[1]。 (参见“三叉神经自主神经性头痛的病理生理学”,关于‘下丘脑激活’一节)
为验证该假说,一项基于体素的形态计量学磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging, MRI)研究比较了14例睡眠性头痛患者和14例匹配的健康对照[2],结果表明:睡眠性头痛患者下丘脑后部的灰质体积较少。出乎意料的是,一项使用了相似方法的早期研究发现,丛集性头痛患者相同部位的灰质量增加[3]。不过,这两项研究均提示下丘脑后侧与趋于周期性、夜间发作的头痛病症相关。虽然早期研究提示睡眠性头痛可能是一种快动眼(rapid eye movement, REM)睡眠障碍,但后来的研究表明,大多数睡眠性头痛是在非快动眼(non-rapid eye movement, non-REM)睡眠发作的,主要在non-REM睡眠第2阶段(N2)[1,4]。
流行病学
睡眠性头痛通常在50岁之后发生,但40岁之前发病者亦有报道,包括5例8-11岁的儿科患者[1,5,6]。虽然睡眠性头痛较罕见,但其实际发病率和患病率尚且未知。三级头痛医疗中心和诊所提供的数据显示:睡眠性头痛患者在所有头痛患者中的比例为0.07%-0.35%,而在老年头痛患者中,该比例为1.4%-1.7%[6]。男女患病比例为1:2[1,6]。
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