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慢性肾病儿童的血液透析

Author
Lesley Rees, MD, FRCPCH
Section Editor
Tej K Mattoo, MD, DCH, FRCP
Deputy Editor
Melanie S Kim, MD

引言

尽管成人与儿童的血液透析(hemodialysis, HD)原则相似，但是存在儿科人群独有的操作技术层面的内容和并发症。至关重要的是，为了安全有效地进行儿科血液透析，要识别并解决这些差异，从而减少面临终身肾脏替代治疗(renal replacement therapy, RRT)患儿的并发症。

慢性肾病(chronic kidney disease, CKD)儿童的血液透析，包括血管通路和透析器的类型、透析处方和并发症的讨论将总结在此。儿科慢性肾病的治疗与RRT的概述将单独讨论。 (参见“儿童慢性肾脏病的管理概述”和“慢性肾脏病患儿肾脏替代疗法(RRT)概述”)

概述

儿科血液透析的目标与接受血液透析的成人目标相同：安全有效地清除尿毒症毒素，并去除多余液体。这些原则和血液透析装置的一般说明将单独讨论。 (参见“血液透析装置概述”)

为了安全有效地进行儿科血液透析，需要考虑并解决以下在成人与儿童中可能不同的血液透析的几个方面：

  • 血管通路
  • 体外循环(例如，导管和透析器的大小和容积)
  • 透析器和机械装置的选择
  • 透析处方，特别是血流量
  • 并发症和临床结局测量

                                 

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Literature review current through: 2017-06 . | This topic last updated: 2017-06-29.
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