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早产儿的生长管理

Author
Ian J Griffin, MB ChB
Section Editors
Steven A Abrams, MD
Kathleen J Motil, MD, PhD
Deputy Editor
Melanie S Kim, MD
Translators
王亚娟, 主任医师，副教授

引言

婴儿早期是细胞大量增生和增大的一个时期，婴儿早期的生长障碍可导致永久性不利影响。该时期内的生长异常可能会持续至成年期，尤其是早产儿。一项有关极低出生体重(very low birth weight, VLBW，<1500g)婴儿的报道对此进行了阐述，这些儿童的身高在20岁时低于第三百分位数的可能性是正常出生体重对照组的2倍(10% vs 5%)[1]。

不论是在新生儿重症监护病房(neonatal intensive care unit, NICU)中还是离开NICU后，早产儿都有生长不佳的风险。必须对他们进行密切监测，还可能需要给予一些干预措施来促进更好生长。

本文将讨论早产儿的生长，包括在NICU中和出院后的生长监测及生长障碍处理。

标准生长数据

目前已有健康足月儿的标准生长数据。然而，早产儿在住院期间及出院后的数据都很有限。 (参见“婴儿和青春期前儿童的正常生长模式”，关于‘生长评价’一节)

足月儿 — 现已有足月儿晚期妊娠时宫内生长和婴儿期生长的标准数据[2,3]。

                   

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Literature review current through: 2017-06 . | This topic last updated: 2017-06-06.
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