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流量-容积环

Authors
Loutfi Sami Aboussouan, MD
James K Stoller, MD, MS
Section Editors
Peter J Barnes, DM, DSc, FRCP, FRS
Robert A Wood, MD
Deputy Editor
Helen Hollingsworth, MD

引言

肺量测定法，包括测定第1秒用力呼气容积(forced expiratory volume in one second, FEV1)和用力肺活量(forced vital capacity, FVC)，是最容易进行和最有用的肺功能检查。流量-容积环(也称为肺量图)是在进行最大用力吸气和呼气动作期间，吸气和呼气流量(Y轴)对容积(X轴)的描记图。

流量-容积曲线正常呼气部分的特征为迅速上升至峰流量，之后随着患者呼气几乎呈线性下降直至残气量(图 1)。相反，吸气曲线则为相对对称的马鞍形曲线。呼气中点的流量(肺总量和残气量之间)通常与吸气中点的流量基本相等。

流量-容积环形态的变化可有助于气道阻塞的诊断和定位[1]。在限制性疾病的某些形式中也表现为特征性的流量-容积环图形，虽然流量-容积环检查并未作为评估这些疾病的主要辅助诊断。

流量-容积环的概述见此专题。而肺功能检查的一般性回顾，包括肺量计测定法的适应证，将单独介绍。 (参见“成人肺功能检查的概述”)

阻塞性肺疾病

在哮喘或慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD)患者中可见的凹面向上或“舀出(scooped-out)”或“内凹(coved)”图形(图 1)。一次呼气动作的后2/3期间的最大呼气流量在很大程度上处于独立于非用力依赖部分(即呼气流量不可并不通过增加呼气用力而加快)，并且与肺弹性回缩力成正比，与等压点的上游气道阻力成反比。

           

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Literature review current through: 2017-07 . | This topic last updated: 2016-05-17.
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