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运动在高血压治疗和预防中的作用

Author
Norman M Kaplan, MD
Section Editor
George L Bakris, MD
Deputy Editor
John P Forman, MD, MSc
Translators
郑小蓉, 副主任医师

引言

大多数研究中，长期有氧运动方案对体循环血压(blood pressure, BP)有益，因此可能会降低高血压的发生率[1-6]。进行有氧运动时，血压会适度的升高，主要是收缩压升高。然而，一些个体的血压会在运动时过度升高，这可能是预后不良的征象。除了有氧运动，有研究显示阻抗训练也可降低血压[7]。

效力

有氧运动及阻抗训练均能降低静息血压。

有氧运动 — 对于原发性高血压(曾被称为“特发性”高血压)患者，规律的有氧运动可使血压降低多达5-15mmHg，但这种作用在较年长患者中没有这么明显[8]。对随机对照试验的meta分析显示，有氧运动使收缩压和舒张压分别平均减少4-6mmHg和3mmHg[1,9,10]。有氧运动或许也有益于难治性高血压患者[11]。

游泳训练也能起到有益的作用[12]。游泳可能对有骨科疾病患者或支气管痉挛患者(因环境温暖潮湿)特别有用。 (参见“运动诱发的支气管收缩”)

已证实在临界性高血压研究对象中也有类似的血压下降，血压常可以降至正常范围[13]。相反，在身体素质较差的个体中，高血压的发生率增加[2,14]。

       

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Literature review current through: 2017-06 . | This topic last updated: 2016-01-11.
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