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儿童及青少年高血压的评估

Author
Tej K Mattoo, MD, DCH, FRCP
Section Editor
Patrick Niaudet, MD
Deputy Editor
Melanie S Kim, MD

引言

目前已清楚高血压(hypertension, HTN)始于儿童和青少年时期，且是早发心血管疾病(cardiovascular disease, CVD)的促成因素。支持资料包括：证实患高血压的儿童心血管的结构性与功能性改变的临床研究，以及显示在儿童和年轻成人中血压(blood pressure, BP)与主动脉和心脏动脉粥样硬化相关性的尸检研究。 (参见“儿童和青少年高血压的定义和诊断”和“儿童动脉粥样硬化的危险因素及发病”，关于‘高血压’一节)

在高血压成人中，多项随机试验已显示，通过抗高血压治疗降低血压使心血管疾病的发病率和死亡率下降。获益大小随着高血压的严重程度的增加而增加。 (参见“高血压：谁应该进行治疗？”)

基于这些观察结果，发现高血压儿童并成功治疗其高血压对CVD的长期结局应该具有重要影响。成功治疗儿童期高血压最重要的环节之一是确定是否存在可治疗的基础病因。

高血压儿童的评估将总结在此。儿童高血压的流行病学、病因学、诊断及治疗将单独讨论。 (参见“儿童与青少年高血压的流行病学、危险因素和病因学”和“儿童和青少年高血压的定义和诊断”和“儿童和青少年高血压的治疗”)

此外，高血压急症的评估见其他专题。 (参见“儿童高血压急症及高血压亚急症的处理路径”)

                    

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Literature review current through: 2017-06 . | This topic last updated: 2017-04-24.
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