先天性肾脏尿路畸形(CAKUT)的评估
- Author
- Norman D Rosenblum, MD, FRCP
Norman D Rosenblum, MD, FRCP
- Professor of Pediatrics
- University of Toronto
- Section Editors
- Tej K Mattoo, MD, DCH, FRCP
Tej K Mattoo, MD, DCH, FRCP
- Section Editor — Pediatric Nephrology
- Professor of Pediatrics
- Wayne State University School of Medicine
- Laurence S Baskin, MD, FAAP
Laurence S Baskin, MD, FAAP
- Section Editor — Pediatric Urology
- Frank Hinman, Jr., MD, Distinguished Professorship in Pediatric Urology
- Chief Pediatric Urology
- Professor of Urology and Pediatrics
- UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital
- Deputy Editor
- Melanie S Kim, MD
Melanie S Kim, MD
- Senior Deputy Editor — UpToDate
- Deputy Editor — Pediatrics
- Boston University School of Medicine
- Translators
- 陈方, 主任医师，教授
陈方, 主任医师，教授
- 上海市儿童医院泌尿外科
引言
先天性肾脏尿路畸形(anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract, CAKUT)在所有产前发现的畸形中大约占20%-30%[1]。常规产前超声检查可发现大多数CAKUT。
本文会讨论CAKUT的产前筛查及产前诊断为CAKUT患儿的出生后评估。
产前筛查
由于胎儿期超声的广泛使用和其敏感性，大部分肾脏畸形可在产前发现。2002年，美国大约有2/3的活产胎儿接受了产前超声检查。在未经筛选人群中，CAKUT的超声检出率据报道为0.1%-0.7%[2-4]。
一般而言，推荐进行产前超声筛查的最佳时间是妊娠16-20周，主要基于以下原因：
●这一时期超声对解剖结构的显示度好，对异常情况探测的敏感性高。
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