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成人容量不足的病因、临床表现和诊断

Author
Richard H Sterns, MD
Section Editor
Michael Emmett, MD
Deputy Editor
John P Forman, MD, MSc
Translators
陈罡, 主治医师

引言

在多种临床疾病中，液体丢失降低细胞外液容量，可能损害组织灌注。早期诊断和积极治疗以恢复正常容量可挽救生命。

当含钠液体通过尿液、胃肠道或皮肤丢失或急性滞留于体内“第三间隙”，导致血管内容量减少，可能发生真正的容量不足。

当发生上述液体丢失时，2个因素起防止低血容量发生的作用：

●食物中的钠和水分摄入通常远高于基本需求。因此，除非摄入同时减少(如有厌食或呕吐)，必须有大量液体丢失才会发生低血容量。

●肾脏通过增加钠和水分重吸收最大程度减少经尿液丢失。

                                     

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Literature review current through: 2017-06 . | This topic last updated: 2016-02-29.
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