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新生儿癫痫发作的病因和预后

Author
Eli M Mizrahi, MD
Section Editors
Douglas R Nordli, Jr, MD
Joseph A Garcia-Prats, MD
Deputy Editor
April F Eichler, MD, MPH
Translators
杨志仙, 副主任医师，副教授

引言

确定癫痫发作的病因是新生儿癫痫发作处理中的一个主要临床目标。准确识别病因能够进行针对病因的治疗，并可能限制因基础疾病未得到治疗而发生的中枢神经系统(central nervous system, CNS)功能障碍。针对病因的治疗对于控制癫痫发作本身也可能是必要的。

虽然已有很多关于癫痫发作对未成熟脑部的潜在不良影响的讨论，但影响长期结局的最可能首要因素是癫痫发作的病因以及基础紊乱所致脑损伤的程度和分布。

本专题将根据新生儿癫痫发作的病因对其进行讨论，并将重点讨论急性反应性癫痫发作。对于少见得多的新生儿癫痫综合征将单独讨论。 (参见“新生儿癫痫综合征”)

各种类型新生儿癫痫发作的特征(着重于临床特征和电诊断检查)将在别处讨论。(参见“新生儿癫痫发作的临床特征、评估和诊断”)治疗也将单独讨论。 (参见“新生儿惊厥的治疗”)

分类

几乎所有的新生儿癫痫发作均可被归类为“症状性”癫痫发作，作为某特定可识别病因的一个结果而发生(表 1)[1]。此癫痫发作被认为是急性和反应性的，预后根据具体病因而不同。 (参见下文‘急性反应性癫痫发作’)

              

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Literature review current through: 2017-06 . | This topic last updated: 2016-08-22.
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