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胆石症的流行病学和危险因素

Author
Nezam H Afdhal, MD, FRCPI
Section Editor
Sanjiv Chopra, MD, MACP
Deputy Editor
Anne C Travis, MD, MSc, FACG, AGAF
Translators
锁涛, 副主任医师

引言

胆石症是所有消化道疾病中最常见且花费最高的疾病之一。据第三次美国国家健康与营养调查估计，在美国年龄为20-74岁的人群中，有630万男性和1420万女性有胆囊疾病[1]。

在过去二十年中，关于胆石症的流行病学和危险因素的研究有了很大进展(表 1)，超声诊断作为一种可筛查大量人群的快速无风险方法，在其中发挥了重要作用。在超声检查普及以前，大部分研究依赖于高度选择性的尸检数据和有限的口服胆囊造影。

流行病学

目前的流行病学数据来自于多个大型的欧洲和美国人群研究(表 2)。这些研究显示，不同族群之间胆石症的总体患病率有很大差异。一般来说，西方白种人、西班牙语裔和美国印第安人群的胆石症患病率似乎较高，而东欧人群、非洲裔美国人和日本人群的患病率似乎较低[2-18]。

在美国，胆囊疾病的年龄标准化患病率是根据一个包含14,000多例20-74岁患者的样本估算得到的，该样本中的患者是通过超声检查发现存在胆石或接受过胆囊切除术而诊断胆囊疾病[1]。观察到以下患病率：

●非西班牙语裔白人男性和女性的患病率分别为8.6%和16.6%

                         

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Literature review current through: 2017-06 . | This topic last updated: 2016-11-28.
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