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儿童中重度热烧伤的紧急处理

Author
Mark D Joffe, MD
Section Editor
Richard G Bachur, MD
Deputy Editor
James F Wiley, II, MD, MPH
Translators
付忠华, 主治医师

引言

烧伤是美国儿童意外死亡的第三大原因(仅次于车祸及溺水伤害)[1]。尽管随着烧伤治疗的改善及预防措施的实施，严重烧伤所致死亡率和住院治疗率已有所下降，但中重度烧伤的儿童仍然需要强化治疗，并且常出现瘢痕和远期残疾[2-4]。

早期识别和治疗合并损伤、液体复苏和及时转诊严重烧伤患儿至烧伤中心，这些措施可改善患者的结局。

本专题将总结儿童中度和重度热烧伤(相当于Ⅱ度烧伤及Ⅲ度烧伤)的紧急处理(表 1)。成人烧伤患者的处理、轻度热烧伤的治疗、烟雾吸入、皮肤和眼睛的化学烧伤、电击伤及持续的烧伤处理，都将单独讨论。

流行病学

每年有超过120,000名儿童(≤20岁)因火灾或燃烧相关的损伤而就诊于急诊科(emergency departments, EDs)[1,5]。许多烧伤属于轻度烧伤，无需住院治疗[6,7]。烧伤中心住院儿童的死亡率小于3%[8,9]。

                           

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Literature review current through: 2017-07 . | This topic last updated: 2017-07-12.
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