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成人非快动眼睡眠觉醒障碍

Author
Nancy Foldvary-Schaefer, DO, MS
Section Editor
Alon Y Avidan, MD, MPH
Deputy Editor
April F Eichler, MD, MPH
Translators
王涛, 主任医师，教授

引言

非快动眼(non-rapid eye movement, NREM)睡眠觉醒障碍(disorder of arousal, DOA)是一种睡眠异态，包括觉醒混淆、睡行、睡惊及这些表现的变异型。这些情况被归类为不同的疾病，但实际上是一个睡眠相关行为谱系，由自深度NREM睡眠到觉醒过渡不完全而导致。

尽管觉醒障碍通常发生于儿童期，但也可能延续至成年期、在成年期缓解和复发，或在成年期新发。成人NREM觉醒障碍必须与成年期出现的其他睡眠相关疾病相鉴别，包括快动眼(rapid eye movement, REM)睡眠行为障碍(sleep behavior disorder, RBD)、睡眠运动障碍和夜间癫痫发作。

觉醒障碍是成人睡眠相关损伤的重要原因。处理方法主要包括教育、改善环境和行为以提高安全性、识别易感因素和触发因素以便尽量减少发作次数。

本文将总结成人觉醒障碍的临床特征、诊断和处理方法。关于睡眠时异常运动和行为的更常见处理方法将在别处讨论。成人的其他睡眠异态，以及儿童的觉醒障碍和其他睡眠异态见其他专题。 (参见“睡眠时异常动作和行为的概述”和“快动眼睡眠相睡眠行为障碍”和“儿童睡行症及其他深眠状态”)

流行病学

觉醒障碍在儿童中比在成人中更普遍，成人觉醒障碍发生率的估计值大多来自调查研究。

                    

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Literature review current through: 2017-07 . | This topic last updated: 2017-07-28.
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