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哮吼的临床特征、评估和诊断

Author
Charles R Woods, MD, MS
Section Editors
Sheldon L Kaplan, MD
Gregory Redding, MD
Deputy Editor
Carrie Armsby, MD, MPH
Translators
薛红漫, 副主任医师

引言

哮吼是一种以吸气期喘鸣、咳嗽和声音嘶哑为特征的呼吸系统疾病。这些症状由喉和声门下气道炎症导致。在婴幼儿中，犬吠样咳嗽为哮吼的特征，而在较大儿童和成人中，以声音嘶哑为主。虽然哮吼通常为轻度自限性疾病，但可能发生严重上呼吸道梗阻和呼吸窘迫，甚至罕见情况下可发生死亡。

本专题将讨论哮吼的临床特征、评估和诊断。哮吼的治疗将单独讨论。 (参见“哮吼的治疗方法”和“哮吼的药物治疗及支持治疗”)

定义

哮吼这一术语用于描述各种儿童上呼吸道疾病，包括喉炎、喉气管炎、喉气管支气管炎(laryngotracheobronchitis, LTB)、细菌性气管炎或痉挛性哮吼[1]。这些术语的定义见下文。在过去，哮吼这一术语也用于喉白喉(白喉性或膜性哮吼)，喉白喉将单独讨论。 (参见“Epidemiology and pathophysiology of diphtheria”和“Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of diphtheria”)

在本专题中，哮吼这一术语用于指喉气管炎。LTB、喉气管支气管肺炎、细菌性气管炎和痉挛性哮吼专指其自身，具体如下。

●喉炎—喉炎指局限于喉部的炎症，其自身表现为声音嘶哑[2]。通常发生于较大儿童和成年人中，与哮吼相似，常由病毒感染造成。声音嘶哑的病因、治疗和其他病因的评估将单独详细讨论。 (参见“儿童声音嘶哑的常见病因”和“Hoarseness in children: Evaluation”)

                           

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Literature review current through: 2017-07 . | This topic last updated: 2016-05-10.
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