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哮吼的治疗方法

Author
Charles R Woods, MD, MS
Section Editors
Sheldon L Kaplan, MD
Anna H Messner, MD
Deputy Editor
Carrie Armsby, MD, MPH
Translators
鞠秀丽, 主任医师，教授

引言

哮吼(喉气管炎)是一种呼吸系统疾病，特征包括吸气期喘鸣、犬吠样咳嗽以及声音嘶哑。其常见于6月龄至3岁儿童，主要由副流感病毒引起。 (参见“哮吼的临床特征、评估和诊断”)

大多数就诊的哮吼患儿病情轻微，呈自限性，在门诊就可成功处理。临床医生必须能够识别轻度症状患儿(可在家安全地处理)和中度至重度哮吼或症状迅速进展的患儿(需要到门诊或急诊科进行全面评估和可能接受治疗)。 (参见下文‘严重程度评估’和‘门诊治疗’)

目前没有针对导致哮吼病毒的根治性治疗。药物治疗旨在减轻气道水肿，而支持性治疗旨在提供呼吸支持及维持足够的水分。皮质类固醇和雾化肾上腺素是主要的治疗方法，大量临床证据支持其使用。 (参见下文‘初始治疗’和“哮吼的药物治疗及支持治疗”)

哮吼的治疗方法将在下文讨论，哮吼临床特征与评估，以及下文所提到的采用药物性与支持性干预措施的支持证据，将单独讨论。 (参见“哮吼的临床特征、评估和诊断”和“哮吼的药物治疗及支持治疗”)

严重程度评估

处理哮吼儿童的第一步是评估疾病的严重程度。患儿或其家属可能最先通过电话与医疗系统接触，医护人员必须能够区分哪些患儿症状更严重需要立即就医，哪些患儿可以在家处理。 (参见下文‘电话分诊’)

                         

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Literature review current through: 2017-07 . | This topic last updated: 2016-08-02.
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