连续性肾脏替代疗法:概述
- Author
- Thomas A Golper, MD
Thomas A Golper, MD
- Section Editor — Dialysis
- Professor of Medicine
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center
- Section Editor
- Steve J Schwab, MD
Steve J Schwab, MD
- Editor-in-Chief — Nephrology
- Section Editor — Dialysis
- Chancellor
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center
- Deputy Editor
- Alice M Sheridan, MD
Alice M Sheridan, MD
- Deputy Editor — Nephrology
- Assistant Professor of Medicine
- Harvard Medical School
- Translators
- 王利华, 教授
王利华, 教授
- 山西医科大学第二医院肾内科
引言
连续性肾脏替代疗法(continuous renal replacement therapy, CRRT)是连续进行的透析(以扩散方式进行溶质的清除)或滤过(以对流方式进行溶质和水的清除)治疗[1-4]。不同形式的CRRT可能持续进行12-14小时,尤其是在人员齐备的日间。该治疗方式在欧洲日渐流行,被称为“缓慢透析”。本文接下来将讨论CRRT的其他不同方式,由于是间歇性和持续性治疗相融合,可能应当称其为组合疗法。CRRT较长的治疗持续时间使得它与传统的间歇性血液透析(hemodialysis, HD)明显不同,后者每次治疗的时间持续4-6小时或更短。
这种连续性治疗主要的优势在于单位时间内溶质和水分的清除速度更缓慢。因此,CRRT通常比传统疗法耐受性更好,因为间歇性HD的许多并发症与溶质和液体的快速清除有关。 (参见“急性肾损伤(急性肾衰竭)的肾脏替代疗法(透析):新陈代谢及血流动力学注意事项”)
术语
CRRT有许多不同形式,本专题的其他部分将对已有的术语进行大体的概述。CRRT的不同形式按照其路径特征进行分类:血液或腹膜,静-静脉(venovenous, VV)或动-静脉(arteriovenous, AV)(表 1)。
动-静脉或静-静脉 — AV是在体循环血压的驱动下,利用动脉导管使血液进入体外循环,再经静脉导管返回体内。VV是一种替代方法,在静脉血管中放置两根导管或者1根双腔导管,需要一个外置血泵,使血液循环通过体外循环。
AV通路的优点在于设置简单,且无需外置血泵。然而,它需要进行动脉穿刺,因而会伴有动脉栓塞的风险。对低血压或有严重外周血管病变的患者来说,血流也可能并不稳定。
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To continue reading this article, you must log in with your personal, hospital, or group practice subscription. For more information or to purchase a personal subscription, click below on the option that best describes you:Literature review current through: 2017-06 . | This topic last updated: 2015-04-21.The content on the UpToDate website is not intended nor recommended as a substitute for medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your own physician or other qualified health care professional regarding any medical questions or conditions. The use of this website is governed by the UpToDate Terms of Use ©2017 UpToDate, Inc.References- Manns M, Sigler MH, Teehan BP. Continuous renal replacement therapies: an update. Am J Kidney Dis 1998; 32:185.
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