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儿童睡眠障碍对认知和行为的影响

Author
Judith A Owens, MD, MPH
Section Editor
Ronald D Chervin, MD, MS
Deputy Editor
Alison G Hoppin, MD
Translators
彭炳蔚, 副主任医师

引言

睡眠缺失或不足可能由总睡眠时间减少(数量减少)、短暂觉醒导致的睡眠片段化(质量降低)，或者睡眠时间倒错(昼夜节律失调)导致。任何原因导致的睡眠不足都可以导致警觉性下降、表现不佳和健康受损。急性和慢性的睡眠不足可导致在认知表现、警觉性、行为功能和情绪调节方面出现可测量的变化，这些影响在儿童中尤其明显。对这些变化的易感性因人而异，且取决于多个因素，包括年龄、昼夜节律倾向和遗传差异[1]。近来，有学者对不同年龄儿童所需的睡眠持续时间的范围进行了回顾和总结[2]。

慢波睡眠(slow-wave sleep, SWS)似乎是最具“恢复性”的睡眠阶段，因此在总睡眠不足的情况下会得到优先保障。快速动眼睡眠(rapid eye movement, REM)也起着重要作用，与认知功能(如记忆的巩固和新任务的学习)有关。两种睡眠形式在中枢神经系统的生长和发育中似乎都发挥着不可或缺的作用。

本专题将介绍睡眠不足在临床的影响以及在特定睡眠障碍[包括阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(obstructive sleep apnea, OSA)和失眠]中的表现。其他有相关内容的UpToDate专题包括：

●(参见“儿童睡眠障碍的评估”)

●(参见“儿童疑似阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的评估”)

                     

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Literature review current through: 2017-06 . | This topic last updated: 2017-06-02.
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